A population of perennial wildflowers Mimulus lewisii, was surveyed in Oregon in 1920 and again in 2020. The flowers of this plant are bee-pollinated and have 2 alleles for flower color, the dominant pink (P) and recessive white (p). The 1920 survey found the frequencies of p alleles from 5 samples to be 0.474, 0.4102, 0.485, 0.546, and 0.479. The summed values for the flower surveyed in 1920 were: 247 (PP), 410 (Pp), and 233 (pp). After the 2020 survey, the frequencies of p alleles from another 5 samples were 0.157, 0.120, 0.124, 0.087, and 0.089, while the summed values for the flower surveyed in 2020 were: 55 (PP), 679 (Pp, and 3084 (pp). Did the population show evidence of evolution over the 100 years?
a.
This population does show evolution, as there is a significant change in the frequency of the p allele over time (tcalculated = 12.3, p<0.001, d.f. =4).
b.
The t-test was not significant (p>0.05), so there was no evidence for change in the frequency of the p allele, so no evolution occurred.
c.
This population does show evolution, as there is a significant difference in the numbers expected in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 calculated = 6.185 > 5.991, d.f. =2).
d.
I cannot calculate it from the information provided.
e.
This population does not show evolution, as there is no significant change in the number of genotypes over time relative to the initial frequencies (χ2 calculated < 3.84, d.f. =1).
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